Windows and doors

Guiding principles

Windows and doors are another vulnerable part of the house. They can allow flame and embers to enter by being left open, being blown open, or through breaks or gaps in their seals and surfaces. Window and door glazing is also vulnerable to breakages, caused by exposure to radiant heat, high wind loads, and direct flame contact. It is also common for debris to build-up around windowsills and door frames, which could ignite during a bushfire.

You should design your home to avoid windows and doors facing hazards. Your window and door systems (including their screen, shutters and glazing) should be designed to prevent collapse, displacement, breach and ignition. As a rule, all exposed components should be made of non-combustible materials, and all fixtures and fittings should be durable and resistant to heat and corrosion.

A home in its final stages of construction

Do’s

• Face glazing away from hazards where possible.
• Use durable non-combustible materials for windows and doors. Class 1 durability timber could be used to protect against BAL-12.5 (as defined by Australian Standard AS 5604:2005 Timber–Natural durability ratings).
• Sliding windows and windows that extend to the floor must comply with the national building code (see AS 3959:2018 for more information).
• Openable windows should be protected with a metal mesh to protect against ember attack (apertures in the mesh should be less than 2mm).
• Consider installing non-combustible shutters to protect against flame contact, embers, and strikes from and flying objects.
• Doors should be protected with a self-closing screened security door (apertures in the mesh should be less than 2mm).
• Doors should be constructed using a solid core fitted with a metal outer cover.
• Doors and windows should be self-closing in case an unexpected fire threatens the home.
• To prevent occupants from becoming trapped, all doors and windows should be easily opened from the inside without a key.
• Keep windows and doors clear of vegetation and other objects that might burn or block access.
• Ensure that all window and door systems can withstand high wind loads,including the impact of flying debris.
• Seal all gaps larger than 2mm.
• Close all windows and doors when threatened by bushfire – openings provide an entry point for smoke and toxic gases, and will allow flames, embers and radiant heat to penetrate the building’s envelope.