Our Staff

Leadership team

  • Dr Surya Nepal is a Senior Principal Research Scientist at CSIRO’s Data61. He has been working at CSIRO since 2000. His primary research interest is in the development and implementation of cybersecurity technologies. He obtained his Bachelor of Engineering from the National Institute of Technology, Surat, India; his Master of Engineering from the Asian Institute of Technology, Bangkok, Thailand; and his PhD from RMIT University, Australia. He has more than 300 publications to his credit. Many of his works are published in top international journals and conferences. Some of his papers have received the Best Paper Award at international conferences. Dr Nepal has received several publications and invention awards at CSIRO. Dr Nepal currently leads the Cybersecurity and Quantum System (CQS) group at CSIRO’s Data61, comprising over 50 research staff and over 50 research students, conducting research in different security aspects, including quantum-resilient and quantum AI/Algorithm and Software. He is a co-inventor of 6 patents in web services and security, and has edited three books and several conference proceedings. Dr Nepal serves as program chair and committee member in many international conferences and workshops. He has delivered talks/tutorials/keynotes on trusted distributed systems at national and international venues. He also serves as an Interim editor-in-chief of IEEE Transactions on Service Computing and editorial board member of ACM Transactions on Internet Technology, and Frontiers in Big Data: Cybersecurity and Privacy. He served as an Associate Editor for several journals, including IEEE TSC and IEEE TDSC, for several years. He has held several senior research management positions in Australia and at CSIRO. For example, he was the deputy research director of the Cyber Security Cooperative Research Centre (CRC) and mission lead for CSIRO’s critical infrastructure protection and resilient mission.  He currently holds an Adjunct Professor position at UNSW Sydney and an Honorary Professor position at Macquarie University, Sydney. He is a Fellow of IEEE.
  • Contact: Link
  • Address: MARSFIELD, NSW 2122, AUSTRALIA
  • Publications: ORCID |Google Scholar
  • Tags: Data Encryption | Computer System Security | Software Engineering | Database Management | Distributed and Grid Systems
  • Dongxi’s research focuses on developing novel security algorithms, protocols, and architectures for enabling new secure systems or enhancing security of widely-deployed systems. His work has covered the following areas: encrypted data management in cloud computing, IoT device authentication and management, new blockchain protocol, post-quantum security.
  • Address: MARSFIELD, NSW 2122, AUSTRALIA
  • Publications: Google Scholar
  • Tags: Applied Cryptography | Blockchain | IoT-Cloud Security | Programming Languages | Formal Methods
  • Highlight: EnerID blockchain aims to democratise the blockchain technique across every corner of the world; every one with a web browser, regardless of their (computing) power or wealth (stake), is able to create new blocks, recording their daily information or transactions into the tamper-resistant EnerID blockchain.
  • Hajime is a Principal Research Scientist at CSIRO’s Data61. Hajime is with CSIRO since 1999 conducting research at the Radiophysics Laboratory in Marsfield.  He has led various projects delivering outcomes for Rockwell Collins, Boeing, DST Group, Telstra, Free TV, Department of Communications, and Australian SMEs. His current research interests include quantum security, signal intelligence, and perfect security in wireless communication.  Hajime received B.E. and M.E. from the University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo, Japan in 1993 and 1995, and PhD from the University of Technology, Sydney, Australia in 1999.
  • Address: MARSFIELD, NSW 2122, AUSTRALIA
  • Publications: ORCID | Google Scholar
  • Tags: Quantum Security | Signal Intelligence
  • Highlight: I love leading and delivering projects aiming towards challenging but clear goals together with talented members with specialised expertise.    
  • Jason Xue is a Senior Research Scientist at CSIRO’s Data61, Australia. His current research interests are machine learning security and privacy, system and software security, and Internet measurement. He is the recipient of the ACM CCS Best Paper Award Runner-Up, ACM SIGSOFT distinguished paper award, Best Student Paper Award, and the IEEE best paper award, and his work has been featured in the mainstream press, including The New York Times, Science Daily, PR Newswire, Yahoo, The Australian Financial Review, and The Courier. He currently serves on the Program Committees of IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (Oakland) 2023, ACM CCS 2022, USENIX Security 2022, NDSS 2022, and ACM ICSE 2023. He is a member of both ACM and IEEE.
  • Address:  KINTORE, SA 5000, AUSTRALIA
  • Publications:  Google Scholar
  • Tags: AI Security and Privacy | Mobile Privacy | System Security | Software Security | Internet Measurement
  • Kristen is a Senior Research Scientist at Data61 and the Cyber Security CRC, working on cyber deception. Previously she was employed as a data scientist at Telstra and Gro Intelligence, where she worked on a broad range of domains and use cases. She completed her PhD in geometric analysis at the Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics. Her broad research interests are in Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML).
  • Contact: Link
  • Address: CLAYTON, VIC 3168, AUSTRALIA
  • Publications: Google Scholar
  • Tags: Cyber Deception | Machine Learning | Data Science
  • Dr Marthie Grobler is a Principal Research Scientist at CSIRO’s Data61, where she leads CSIRO’s strategic portfolio on Critical Infrastructure Protection and Resilience. Her research focuses on strengthening the security and resilience of essential systems and services by addressing cybersecurity governance, risk mitigation, and the complex interdependencies across critical infrastructure sectors. With a strong emphasis on human factors and digital trust, Marthie’s work enhances the usability and adoption of security solutions in real-world environments. She is actively involved in executive education and policy development, contributing to national efforts to build infrastructure resilience and public confidence in digital systems. Her work informs cyber policy and capability-building initiatives, helping ensure that Australia’s critical infrastructure remains secure, adaptive, and interconnected in the face of evolving threats.
  • Address: CLAYTON, VIC 3168, AUSTRALIA
  • Publications: ORCID |Google Scholar |Loop |ResearchGate |Publons |DBLP
  • Tags: : Human-centric cybersecurity | Human factors and cybersecurity| Cybersecurity governance | Online risk resilience | Critical infrastructure protection and resilience
  • Highlight: I might be working with executives in the morning playing one of our in-house developed cyber games, and then in the afternoon join forces with senior stakeholders working on solving the protection and resilience challenges in the critical infrastructure space. There is never a dull moment when you work with people and security!
  • Mohan is an experienced researcher interested in developing intelligent solutions to facilitate decision support, decision automation and decision optimisation in cyber-physical-social ecosystems. Some notable examples of his research work include decision automation/optimisation for cloud cost management, enterprise-level decision support for cloud migration and automated performance benchmarking of cloud infrastructure. At CSIRO’s Data61, his research is focused on all things related to human-centric cyber security.
  • Address: CLAYTON, VIC 3168, AUSTRALIA
  • Publications: ORCID |Google Scholar |ResearchGate |DBLP
  • Tags: Human Centric Cyber Security | Distributed AI | Decision Support | Decision Automation | Decision Optimisation | Autonomic Computing | Distributed Systems
  • Ejaz is a Senior Research Scientist and serves as the Supervisor of the Automated Security research team. In 2014, he received his PhD degree from Kyung Hee University in South Korea. Ejaz’s current research interests lie at the intersection of cybersecurity and AI, with a focus on automating security tasks with minimal human intervention. Specifically, he is actively engaged in research areas such as software security, program analysis, malware/ransomware behavioral analysis, reverse engineering malware, and applied machine learning. Ejaz’s research on ransomware detection and continuous authentication has gained significant recognition and has been featured in prominent tech articles, including Bloomberg and ZDNET. He also holds the position of Honorary Senior Lecturer at Macquarie University.
  • Address: MARSFIELD, NSW 2122, AUSTRALIA
  • Publications: Google Scholar |ORCID
  • Tags: Software Security | AI and Cybersecurity | Automation | Malware Analysis | Applied Machine Learning
  • Highlight: I’m passionate about investigating challenging research problems and doing impactful research that could benefit others. ‘The scientists of today think deeply instead of clearly. One must be sane to think clearly but one can think deeply and be quite insane.’, Nikola Tesla.
  • Seung is a senior software engineer and the supervisor of the EmergingTech Cybersecurity sub-team in the Distributed Systems Security team, CQS group, having joined the organisation in 2018. He has over 20 years of software experience, with expertise in AI/ML, NLP, and IoT. He has earned master’s degrees in computer science from KAIST, Korea and in Software Engineering from Carnegie Mellon University. He leads engineering efforts in developing advanced solutions and is the go-to person for engineering works within the CQS group. With a strong foundation in problem-solving and engineering leadership, Seung has consistently delivered high-quality, impactful projects.
  • Address: MARSFIELD, NSW 2122, AUSTRALIA
  • Publications: Google Scholar
  • Tags: Cyber Security | Machine Learning | Software Engineering
  • Highlight: I’m very interested in problem solving. Especially if the problem is related to my expertise, I’m very happy to work on it.
  • Seyit is a principal research scientist at CSIRO’s Data61 leading the Autonomous Security and Software Security team. He is passionate about discovering unusual solutions to challenging cybersecurity problems with a specific focus on pervasive security. Seyit is a recipient of CSIRO’s prestigious Julius Career Award (2018) for his work on compression encryption. He was the first to introduce design theory in cryptographic key management, and to develop sandbox for dynamic analysis of Android malware. He was among the first to inform society about Android malware outbreak, and to realise the model-to-data paradigm in computing to enable research on data in captivity. Seyit received a PhD degree in Computer Science from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, New York, USA, in 2007. From 2007 to 2013, he was with the TU-Berlin, Germany, as a senior researcher and research group leader in security. Seyit worked for five years as an ECARD lecturer at the QUT, Australia.
  • Address: MARSFIELD, NSW 2122, AUSTRALIA
  • Publications: ORCID |Google Scholar
  • Tags: Autonomous Security | Software Security | Malicious Cryptography | Pervasive Security
  • Highlight: I find the work at Data61 exciting and significantly motivational as we collaborate with the best academics and students in their respective fields using a wide range of services and resources, do innovative research to solve risky and challenging real-life problems and develop research outputs into mature solutions.
  • Alsharif (Sharif) Abuadbba is a Senior Research Scientist and Team Leader of Distributed Systems Security at CSIRO’s Data61. He received his Ph.D. from RMIT University, Australia.  He has previously worked with California-based technology company AgilePQ Inc as a senior R&D engineer and contributed to a number of US IP patents in the area of cybersecurity. He cofounded EyeCura Pty Ltd, a cybersecurity startup, which now has three online products on IOS, and Google Play used by +10K users. His research impact also includes 40+ publications in many prestigious CORE A conferences and journals such as IEEE S&P, NDSS, ACM AsiaCCS, ICDCS, ESORICS, ACSAC, and IEEE TIFS. He is a regular reviewer at IEEE TIFS, IEEE TDSC, and IEEE TSC.
  • Publications: ORCID |Google Scholar
  • Tags: Artificial Intelligence &  Cybersecurity | Big Data Privacy and Cloud Security | Internet of Things (IoT) | Cryptography | Watermarking
  • Highlight: I enjoy working at CSIRO’s Data61 because we are solving real-life problems that positively impact broader public good. We also have the opportunity to collaborate with the best research’s and students to solve critical research challenges collaboratively.
  • Sid Chau is a principal research scientist with Data61, CSIRO. He leads diverse research projects in cybersecurity for energy systems, verifiable computing, quantum computing, 6G mobile, blockchain and IoT. He received 5 best paper and finalist awards from ACM eEnergy and BuildSys. He is an area editor of ACM SIGEnergy Energy Informatics Review and was an associate editor of IEEE Systems Journal and a TPC chair of ACM e-Energy 18. He is on the TPC of ACM eEnergy, BuildSys, Mobihoc, IEEE INFOCOM. He was a faculty member with the Australian National University. Previously, he was a visiting professor at MIT, an associate professor at Masdar Institute of Khalifa University, and a senior research fellow at A*STAR in Singapore.
  • Address: MARSFIELD, NSW 2122, AUSTRALIA
  • Dr Muhammad Usman is a Team Leader and Principal Staff Member at CSIRO’s Data61 which is Australia National Research Organisation. He has completed his PhD from Purdue University USA and has over 15 years of research and teaching experience in the field of quantum computing with a track-record of over 85 research papers in high-impact international journals and conference proceedings. At CSIRO, Dr Usman is leading a team of over 20 researchers working at the forefront of quantum algorithms, quantum software engineering, and quantum security. He serves on the executive editorial boards of two international journals published by the Institute of Physics UK, an executive member of the Australian Institute of Physics, a committee member of Standards Australia to help in standardisation of quantum technologies and have honorary Associate Professor positions at the University of Melbourne and Monash University. Dr Usman is the chair of organising committee of an international conference on quantum machine learning, has delivered numerous invited talks in international conferences and has been on several panel discussions at national and international meetings. He was nominated as Innovative of the Year 2023 Award by Defence Industry, Winner of the Australian Army Quantum Technology Challenges at the Chief of Army Symposiums in three years in a row (2021, 2022 and 2023), Rising Stars in Computational Materials Science by Elsevier in 2020, and Dean’s Award for Excellence in Research (Early Career) at the University of Melbourne in 2019. Dr Usman is recipient of prestigious international research fellowships from Fulbright USA (2005-2010) and DAAD Germany in 2010. He is a passionate quantum educator and has been promoting quantum education among school children as part of the CSIRO’s STEM Scientists in Schools program.
  • Address: CLAYTON, VIC 3168, AUSTRALIA
  • Publications: ORCID |Google Scholar
  • Tags: Quantum Software | Quantum Algorithms | Quantum Processor Design | Quantum Security
  • Highlight: I am a passionate STEM educator and has been promoting science education among school children as part of the CSIRO’s STEM Scientists in Schools program.

Project Manager

  • Regine’s career has been devoted to Training and Education in all shape and forms, taking care of staff, project management, operations, grants and academic management, training development and assessment, and stakeholder engagement particularly with academia, public sector and national security agencies.
  • Address: ADELAIDE, SA 5000, AUSTRALIA
  • Highlight: Professionally, I’m driven by my passion for team work. Nothing makes me happier than supporting a team to achieve great goals, especially teams composed of diverse and talented individuals, as you can find here at Data61. Also, I particularly enjoy driving innovation and continuous improvement.

Staff Team CYSA

  • Chandra Thapa is a research scientist at CSIRO Data61. He completed his Ph.D. degree in Electrical Engineering in 2018 from the University of Newcastle, Australia. His expertise is in privacy-preserving distributed machine learning, e.g., splitfed learning, and machine learning applications in cybersecurity, such as network security. His research interests encompass various areas, including (1) strengthening the security aspects of distributed systems, particularly in the context of the Internet of Things (IoT) applications, (2) enhancing the resilience of machine learning algorithms to ensure robustness and defense against attacks, and (3) exploring the realms of quantum machine learning and its implications for cybersecurity.
  • Publications: Google Scholar
  • Tags: Distributed Machine Learning | Cybersecurity | Data Security and Privacy | Quantum Machine Learning | Network Information Theory
  • Derui (Derek) Wang received his bachelor’s degree from Huazhong University of Science & Technology (HUST), China. He obtained his doctoral degree jointly from CSIRO’s Data61 and Swinburne University of Technology, Australia. He is currently a research scientist in CSIRO’s Data61. His primary research interest resides in the joint distribution of adversarial robustness verification, neural backdoors, and real-world security & privacy issues of machine learning systems. He publishes papers in top journals and conferences, such as IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing (TDSC), IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security (TIFS), IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (S&P), and The Network and Distributed System Security (NDSS) Symposium.
  • Hua Ma was a Ph.D student at the University of Adelaide and is currently a CERC fellow located
    in the Marsfield site, Data61, Sydney. Her research interests are Machine Learning Security and
    Optimization.
  • Address: MARSFIELD, NSW 2122, AUSTRALIA
  • Publications: Google Scholar
  • Minjune is a research engineer at CSIRO’s Data61, Sydney, Australia. He completed a Ph.D. (2023) in computer science from The University of Queensland (UQ), Brisbane, Australia and a bachelor’s degree (2006) in electrical engineering from Korea University, Seoul, South Korea. Before joining UQ, He had worked for Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., Suwon, South Korea as a senior software engineer for 12+ years. He had performed an embedded project from scratch (IGNIS, 1000 thermal cameras donation for Korean firefighters in 2017), developed an Android app (Samsung Connect, 500M+ download) on Android, and contributed a location framework in TIZEN (1st Contributor).
  • Address: Marsfield, NSW 2122, Australia
  • Publications: Orcid | Google Scholar
  • Tags: Autonomous Security | Network Security | Moving Target Defence | Software Defined Networking | Location Based Service
  • Mohammed is a research scientist at CSIRO’s Data61. He holds a bachelor and masters degree in Computer Engineering. His research interests include cyber security, machine learning, Internet of Things, and trust.
  • Address:  MARSFIELD, NSW 2122, AUSTRALIA
  • Publications: Google Scholar
  • Tags: Cyber Security | Machine Learning | Internet of Things
  • Rayne is a postdoctoral fellow at CSIRO’s Data61. They received their PhD from the School of Computing and Information Systems at The University of Melbourne. Dr Holland’s current research interests include mobile network security, software supply chain security, distributed machine learning, Oblivious RAM and differential privacy. Outside of the field of security and privacy, their research interests include succinct data structures and data streaming algorithms.
  • Publications: ORCID 0000-0001-6661-8258
  • Tags: Distributed Machine Learning | Differential Privacy | Oblivious RAM | Succinct Data Structures
  • Ruoxi Sun is a PhD candidate of School of Computer Science at the University of Adelaide. His research focuses on the privacy and security of the Android platform, including the first comprehensive study on Android contact tracing applications and a black-box syntax inference approach to fuzzing IoT firmware and Android companion applications, which has resulted in several security vulnerabilities disclosures to vendors with resulting positive feedback as well as the removal of offending apps from the Google Play Store.
  • Publications: ORCID 0000-0001-5404-8550 | Google scholar https://scholar.google.com.au/citations?user=Ei4jdwQAAAAJ
  • Tags: Cybersecurity | Mobile Privacy | Machine Learning Security
  • Highlight: Identifying a problem is often harder than solving it.

    • Dr. Sajal Halder, a research technician at Data61, CSIRO, specializes in combating supply chain attacks through advanced data gathering systems and innovative methodologies for open-source software vulnerability detection. With a rich background spanning four universities and a multinational corporation, he has excelled as a lecturer, researcher, and project supervisor, consistently delivering impactful tech solutions within deadlines. Dr. Halder’s fervor for cybersecurity and data science fuels his engagement in discussions on diverse challenges. His research interests include Personalized Itinerary Recommendation Systems, Deep Reinforcement Learning, Social Network Analysis, and Open-Source Software vulnerability assessment. He boasts an extensive publication record in prestigious journals and conferences like WWW, PAKDD, KIS, DMKD, ASOC, and ESWA. Dr. Halder earned his Ph.D. from RMIT University, Australia, and has previously served as a faculty member at Jagannath University, Bangladesh. He holds a B.Sc. from the University of Dhaka, Bangladesh, and a Master of Engineering from Kyung Hee University, South Korea.
    • Address: Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
    • Publications:OrcidGoogle Scholar
    • Tags: Vulnerability Assessment | Cyber Security Automation | Machine Learning | Recommendations
    • Highlight: I am driven by a passion for exploring intriguing research challenges and making meaningful contributions to the advancement of data science and innovation.

    • Sarah joined CSIRO’s Data61 as a CERC Postdoctoral Fellow in January 2023. Before joining CSIRO, Sarah completed her PhD from Macquarie University Australia where she worked on security of the Internet of vehicles. She is particularly interested in the intelligent transportation systems, trust management, and AI/ML-based security.
    • Address: Marsfield, NSW 2122, Australia.
    • Publications: Google Scholar
    • Tags: Intelligent Transportation Systems | Trust Management | Internet of Things | Internet of Vehicles | Machine Learning |Security and Privacy
    • Highlight: I am excited to be a part of this great team. It is an excellent opportunity to apply my knowledge and to learn from experts while working in the industry.
  • Dr Sebastian Kish is a Research Scientist at CSIRO’s Data61 and leads projects on Quantum Key Distribution. He has been working at CSIRO since 2023. His main research interests are in the development and implementation of quantum key distribution protocols towards the goal of realizing a quantum encrypted network across Sydney. He obtained his Bachelor of Science (Honours) in Physics at The University of Queensland and his PhD in Relativistic Quantum Metrology also at The University of Queensland. Subsequently, he has held postdoctoral positions at UNSW and The Australian National University in the area of quantum communication and quantum information. Sebastian has an extensive background in quantum physics, quantum communications, quantum information theory, and general relativity. He has published articles in internationally recognized quantum physics and quantum engineering journals.
  • Address: Marsfield, NSW, AUSTRALIA
  • Publications: Google Scholar
  • Tags: Quantum Key Distribution | Quantum Communication | Quantum Physics | Quantum security
  • Highlight: My driving force stems from curiosity and a deep passion for quantum technology and its boundless potential. I take pleasure in guiding others, equipping them with the necessary knowledge, skills, and self-reliance to confront even the most formidable challenges.
  • Shenlu is a senior research engineer at CSIRO’s Data61 since 2023. She started her journey with CSIRO since 2011 as a vocation undergraduate student, followed by an internship. During this time, she has developed a practical encryption and query rewriting system to secure DaaS. She then conducted her PhD study at UNSW on spatial database and worked as research associated on Approximate kNN in HD space at UNSW upon graduation. She then obtained hands on industrial software engineering experience with Google and AWS. She is deeply passionate about Algorithms, and currently devoted to security, privacy and AI.
  • Address: Marsfield, NSW, AUSTRALIA
  • Publications: Google scholar
  • Highlight: Deep interest in Algorithmic problem solving. Algorithmic competitive programmer (safarisoul) since 2010.
  • Wei Shao is a research scientist at CSIRO’s Data61, contributing to the AI and Cyber Security team. Before joining CSIRO, he expanded his expertise at institutions such as UC Davis, Arizona State University, and RMIT, Australia. Dr. Shao has a broad range of research interests, including reinforcement learning, graph neural networks, wireless sensing, the Internet of Things, and smart cities. His significant contributions to the field are reflected in his numerous published papers on subjects like spatio-temporal forecasting and context-aware ubiquitous sensing. In addition to his research, Dr. Shao actively engages with the academic community, serving in various roles for conferences and journals such as ICML, NeurIPS, AAAI, IJCAI, CIKM, TITS, JSAC etc., and mentoring Ph.D. students in cutting-edge fields such as ubiquitous computing and spatio-temporal deep learning.
  • Address: Marsfield, NSW 2122, Australia.

Staff Team Distributed Systems Security

    • With over 14 years of experience in AI, cybersecurity, and secure software systems, I specialize in Adversarial Machine Learning and its applications in cyber defence, networking, software engineering and security-critical infrastructures. Currently, I work as a Cybersecurity Research Scientist at CSIRO’s Data61, where I contribute to multiple projects and grants at the intersection of AI, Cybersecurity, Networking, and Software Engineering. Prior to this, I completed a two-year postdoctoral fellowship, focusing on adversarial attacks on 6G AI- enabled Spectrum Management systems and secure code generation. My PhD, supported by a Data61 scholarship and awarded a Dean’s Commendation for Doctoral Thesis Excellence, focused on securing machine learning models against advanced threats such as data exfiltration attacks. A Gold Medallist in my Master’s and top of my class in Software Engineering during my Bachelor’s, I bring a strong academic foundation. I have published in top-tier venues including IEEE TDSC, NAACL, MSR, and ACM Computing Surveys. Before joining Data61, I spent six years as a Senior Lecturer and two years in software engineering roles, providing me with deep cross-functional insight across research, teaching, and industry deployment.

    • Address:  KINTORE Avenue, SA 5000, AUSTRALIA
    • Publications: Google Scholar
    • Tags: AI Security | Machine Learning | Cybersecurity | Data Exfiltration | Deep Learning
    • Highlight: I am a passionate problem solver with an inquisitive mind, seeking to make a positive impact through innovative ideas and research. I am excited to explore new dimensions of knowledge and contribute to the field, and committed to learning, collaboration, and tangible solutions that benefit society.
    • Bo is a senior research engineer at Data61, CSIRO. His research interests are distributed computing, deep learning, big data and blockchain. Bo worked in CMIS CSIRO from 2001 to 2006 as research engineer. After that, he worked in commercial software development industry for 6 years as senior software engineer and tech lead. In 2012, Bo re-joined CSIRO with first-hand commercial industry experience.
    • Address:  MARSFIELD, NSW 2122, AUSTRALIA
    • Publications:  Google Scholar
    • Tags: Distributed Computing | Deep Learning | Software Engineering
    • Highlight: With both commercial and research background, I enjoy working on the challenges from the real world’s.
  • Dr. Farina Riaz is a CERC Postdoctoral Fellow at CSIRO’s Data61, developing pioneering research in quantum artificial intelligence and cybersecurity since June 2023. Her work focuses on building practical, high-impact quantum generative models—such as quantum variational autoencoders for time-series anomaly detection and quantum pre-processing filters for image classification—that consistently outperform classical approaches. Through her groundbreaking contributions, Farina has played a major role in positioning CSIRO as a national leader in Quantum AI, demonstrating both scientific excellence and female leadership. She is leading CSIRO’s first Industry PhD in Quantum Machine Learning, has contributed to major grant initiatives, and has represented CSIRO on national and international stages through keynote addresses and expert talks. She completed her PhD in Quantum AI in collaboration with CSIRO Data61 and the University of Southern Queensland and has since published over 19 peer-reviewed Journals and Conferences. As a peer reviewer for leading journals, she contributes to maintaining scientific integrity in the field. Her postdoctoral research, by developing innovative quantum generative models, has earned her multiple recognitions, include winning the “Best in Quantum in Cyber Champion” award from Australian Women in Security 2024. Farina also serves as the Quantum Women Lead with Women in AI (Australia), where she advocates for and mentors the next generation of women in quantum and AI, championing diversity and inclusion in STEM. Within CSIRO, she promotes staff wellbeing as a trained Mental Health Champion, fostering a psychologically safe and inclusive workplace. Through her research excellence, strategic leadership, and community advocacy, Farina exemplifies CSIRO’s values. She is proactively driving innovation and helping to shape the future of Quantum AI in Australia.

  • Publications: ResearchGate
  • Tags: Quantum Machine Learning | Quantum Cryptography | Quantum Artificial Intelligence | Signal Processing | Wireless Sensor and Actuator Networks
  • Highlight: New technology always inspires me. I love working at CSIRO Data61 as it has opened a broad prospect towards the new challenging research and how to apply problem solving skills. CSIRO spotlight me as “Women in Technology 2022”on my work in Quantum Artificial Intelligence Research and the appreciation and love I have received in my PhD journey; I will always cherish.’

  • Kane is a CERC Postdoctoral Fellow at CSIRO’s Data61, Australia. He undertook his PhD through the School of Computer Science and Engineering, UNSW Sydney in collaboration with the Cybersecurity Cooperative Research Centre focusing on defending federated learning systems against backdoor attacks. Kane’s primary research interests span the machine learning field with particular interest in adversarial machine learning, generative models and federated learning.
  • Address: MARSFIELD, AUSTRALIA
  • Publications:
  • Tags: Machine Learning | Cybersecurity | Generative Models | Federated Learning
  • Nan is a Research Scientist at Data61, CSIRO. He holds a Ph.D. degree in computer science at the Australian National University, Australia. His research interests include various privacy-enhancing technologies, such as cryptographic protocols, zero-knowledge proofs, distributed system security, blockchain security and AI security. His publications span various prestigious conferences and journals, such as IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy, Asiacrypt, IEEE Transactions on Cloud Computing and ACM e-Energy. He won the Best Paper Award at ACM e-Energy ’21. Moreover, he is a professional engineer accredited by Engineers Australia and has four years of industrial experience as a software engineer..
  • Address: BLACK MOUNTAIN, ACT 2601, AUSTRALIA
  • Publications: Google Scholar
  • Tags: Privacy-Enhancing Technologies | Cryptographic Protocols | Zero-Knowledge Proofs | Distributed System Security | Blockchain Security | AI Security
  • Nan Wu is a post-doctoral research fellow within CSIRO’s Data61. She received the B.S. degree (Hons.) in electronic and communication systems from The Australian National University, Australia, in 2015, the B.S. degree (Hons.) in electronic and communication systems from the Beijing Institute of Technology, China, in 2016, the M.Res. degree in computer science from Macquarie University, Australia, in 2019. She did her Ph.D. degree with Macquarie University and CSIRO’s Data61, Australia. Her research interests include privacy-preserving machine learning, game theory, security and privacy, data sharing, data mining, and record linkage.
  • Address: MARSFIELD, NSW 2122, AUSTRALIA
  • Publications: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6851-409X / ‪Nan WU – ‪Google Scholar
  • Tags: Privacy-preserving machine learning | Data sharing | Data mining | Record linkage

  • Nazatul is a Research Scientist at CSIRO Data61 and a member of the Distributed System Security (DSS) group. Prior to CSIRO, Nazatul was working as a Senior Consultant with one of the Big 4 consulting firms in the Security Architecture Team, where he helped several industry partners, including government, banking, and education sectors in building cyber resilience critical infrastructures. Nazatul worked as a postdoctoral researcher for 3 years combined at the University of Newcastle & CSIRO Data61 in Australia and Telecom SudParis in France. He also worked in India on different Indian Government sponsored R&D cybersecurity projects. Nazatul has published his papers in top venues like ESORICS, SRDS, IEEE TCC, IEEE TSC, etc. Nazatul has also been serving as an expert reviewer for journals and conferences like TDSC, TSC, TCC, ARES, TrustCom, INFOCOMM, etc. Nazatul completed his Ph.D. in Information Security from the Indian Institute of Information Technology Guwahati, India.
  • Address: MARSFIELD, NSW 2122, AUSTRALIA
  • Publications: Google Scholar
  • Tags: Privacy-Enhancing Technologies | Applied Cryptography | Encrypted Database | | Post-Quantum Cryptography | Network-Cloud-IoT Security
  • Lai is a research scientist at CSIRO’s Data61. Before joining CSIRO, he was a research fellow at Monash University. He received his PhD degree from Monash University in 2020, the MS degree from The University of Hong Kong in 2015, and the BE degree from Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics in 2014. His work has been published in top venues in cyber-security and network, such as ACM CCS, NDSS, ACM AsiaCCS, IEEE ICDCS, IEEE TDSC.
  • Address: CLAYTON, VIC, AUSTRALIA
  • Publications: Google Scholar
  • Tags: Secure Networked Systems | Privacy-Preserving Data Analytics
  • Highlight: I have broad interests in data security and privacy of cloud-based applications. My research mainly focuses on designing practical systems to address the security and privacy issues in the above scenarios.
  • Shigang received his Ph.D. in Computer Science from Deakin University, Australia. He is currently a research scientist at CSIRO’s Data61. His research interests include cybersecurity, covering network security, software security, data analytics, and AI. He has led a Ph.D. research group focusing on applying deep learning to detect software vulnerabilities. This research topic won the first place at the World Change Maker Prize in the Swinburne Research Conference in 2019. He is also interested in applying large language models to real-world security problems as well as adversarial machine learning.
  • Address: CLAYTON, VIC, AUSTRALIA
  • Publications: Google Scholar
  • Tags: Cybersecurity | Data Science | Networking | AI |  Fuzzy Information Processing
  • Highlight: I am delighted to work at Data61, where the exciting and significantly motivational collaboration with the best academics and students, coupled with a wide range of services and resources, creates an environment that fuels my passion for exploration, providing a genuine sense of fulfillment and joy in contributing to cutting-edge discoveries with a meaningful impact on the world. I’m looking for highly motivated international and domestic students who intend to pursue a Ph.D. degree to join our team in Cybersecurity.
  • The Anh Ta is a research scientist at CSIRO’s Data61. His research interests include AI safety and AI algorithms and Privacy-Enhancing Technology. His research has been published at major ML conferences (NeurIPS, ICLR, CVPR, ECCV), as well as cybersecurity venues (IEEE S&P, ESORICS). He received his PhD degree in mathematics from Paris-Saclay University, Orsay, France.
  • Address: MARSFIELD, NSW 2122, AUSTRALIA
  • Publications: https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=1y0vv1wAAAAJ
  • Tags: Robust Machine Learning | AI Safety | Privacy-Enhancing Technology

Staff Team Human Centric Security

    • M.A.P. Chamikara is a senior research scientist in cyber security at CSIRO’s Data61. Before joining as a research scientist, Chamikara worked as a postdoctoral fellow at CSIRO’s Data61. He received his Ph.D. from RMIT University, Australia. For his Ph.D. research work, he received the RMIT Prize for Research Excellence – Higher Degree by Research (Technology) and the Research Achievement Award for outstanding research performance at the School of Computing Technologies, RMIT University. During his Ph.D. at RMIT University, he also engaged with CSIRO’s Data61 as a Ph.D. researcher. Before joining CSIRO’s Data61, Chamikara worked as a lecturer at the Department of Statistics and Computer Science, Faculty of Science, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka. He received his M.Phil. in Computer Science and B.Sc. Special (Hons.) in Computer Science from the University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka. His current research interests include data privacy, distributed privacy-preserving machine learning, explainable AI, natural language processing, and human-centric cyber security.
    • Address: Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
    • Publications: ORCID |Google Scholar |ResearchGate |ResearchID
    • Tags: Data Privacy | Data Science | Cyber Security
    • Highlight: I am delighted to be a part of Data61. It is full of enthusiastic scientists who make Data61 one of the best research institutes in the world.
  • Chehara is a post-doctoral research fellow within CSIRO’s Data61, working on human-centric cybersecurity and gamification in collaboration with Cyber Security Cooperative Research Centre (CSCRC). Chehara holds a PhD in Software Systems and Cybersecurity from Monash University and a first-class Honours degree in Information Technology from the University of Moratuwa. She is passionate about looking at context-driven real-world data privacy and security challenges in software engineering. Her recent work includes developing an informed consent management framework for IoT-oriented Smart Buildings to provide fine-grained visibility into privacy infringements while enhancing stakeholders’ decision-making. This work has been recognised as one of the finalists of the Facebook Research Award 2021. Her research interests span the areas of privacy preservation in IoT environments, Privacy Enhancing technologies, Human-centric software engineering, Statistical analysis, Artificial Intelligence(i.e. Data mining, Machine Learning, NLP) and Audio processing techniques.
  • Address: Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
  • Publications: ORCID | Google Scholar
  • Tags: Human and societal aspects of security and privacy | Internet of Things(IoT) | Privacy paradox | Informed decision-making | Privacy policies and user awareness
  • Highlight: ‘ ‘I always enjoyed researching the ways to influence people’s judgment, choices or behaviours in promptly addressing privacy and security issues as users act and respond differently to unprecedented threats based on their diverse needs, past knowledge and preferences. Therefore, it is essential to incorporate unique and varied aspects of human-centric needs and abilities into software engineering and cybersecurity.
  • Diksha is a Research Scientist at CSIRO’s Data61. Diksha received her PhD in Computer Science from The University of Adelaide, Australia, with a thesis on “Enhancing Network Resilience through Machine Learning-powered Graph Combinatorial Optimization: Applications in Cyber Defense and Information Diffusion”. Before this, she received her Master of Technology degree, specializing in Cyber Security, from the National Institute of Technology (NIT) Kurukshetra, India. She obtained her Bachelor of Technology degree in Computer Science from the University Institute of Engineering & Technology, Kurukshetra, India. Diksha is passionate about advancing Artificial Intelligence in the domain of Cyber Security. Her research interests include Cyber Security, Machine Learning, Game Theory, Mining Large-Scale Networks and Graph Theory.
  • Address: Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
  • Publications: Google Scholar
  • Tags: Cyber Security | Machine Learning | Data Mining | Game Theory | Graph Theory
    • Fatemeh is a postdoctoral research fellow at Data61, working on human-centric cybersecurity, human machine collaboration for cybersecurity. Previously she worked as a research associate at Capability Systems Centre, School of Engineering and Information Technology, University of New South Wales (UNSW) Canberra. She also did her PhD at UNSW Canberra. Fatemeh is interested in the application of Machine Learning (ML), Artificial Intelligence (AI), Decision Analytics, Decision Optimisation, Decision-Making Support Systems, Multi-Criteria/Multi-Objective Decision Making, Incorporating Plural Human Views into Decision Making Analytics, Decision Making under Risk/Uncertainty, Systems Engineering, Systems Science, Systems Thinking and Modelling, Optimisation, Simulation, Simulation-Optimisation and Metaheuristics on the area of Human Machine Collaboration for Cybersecurity.
    • Address: AUSTRALIA
    • Publications: ORCID, Google Scholar
    • Tags: Human machine collaboration for cybersecurity, Machine Learning (ML), Artificial Intelligence (AI), Decision-making support systems, Decision optimisation, Multi-criteria/multi-objective decision making, Decision making under risk/uncertainty, Incorporating plural human views into decision making analytics, Systems engineering, Systems thinking and modelling, Optimisation, Simulation, Metaheuristics
    • Highlight: ‘ As a Data61 member, I am so excited to apply my knowledge and expertise to facilitate systemic human and machine collaboration for cybersecurity decision making.
  • Ronal is a Research Scientist with the Human Centric Security team in CSIRO’s Data61 and a member of the CINTEL FSP. Ronal’s primary interest lies in artificial intelligence, particularly multi-modal human-agent interactions, AI-assisted decision-making, explainable AI, intention recognition, and multiagent communication planning. Previously, he was a Research Fellow in Human-Agent Collaboration and an Associate Lecturer in the School of Computing and Information Systems at the University of Melbourne. Ronal completed his PhD in 2018 from the University of Melbourne and his BSc and MSc degrees in Computer Science from the University of the South Pacific in the Fiji Islands.
  • Address: Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
  • Publications: ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3352-0486 and Scholar: https://scholar.google.com.au/citations?user=1ZxGOw4AAAAJ&hl=en
  • Tags: AI-Assisted Decision-making | Explainable AI | Human-Agent Interaction | Intention Recognition | Machine Learning
  • Highlight:I am driven by my passion for working in multidisciplinary teams and projects and translating academic research into practical solutions to real-world problems.
      • Shahroz Tariq is a Research Scientist at CSIRO’s Data61. He received his B.S. in Computer Science with high distinction from the National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences (FAST-NUCES), Islamabad, Pakistan, in 2014, and his M.S. in Computer Science with high distinction from the Sangmyung University, Cheonan, South Korea in 2017. He was a Ph.D. research assistant at Stony Brook University and SUNY Korea from 2017 to 2019. He received his Ph.D. from Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea, in 2022, working on continual learning, deepfake, and anomaly detection.
      • Address: MARSFIELD, NSW 2122, AUSTRALIA
      • Publications:  Google Scholar Orcid 
      • Tags: Machine Learning | AI Security | Lifelog learning | Deepfakes | Collaborative Intelligence | Adversarial Time-series | Anomaly Detection | Domain Adaptation
      • Highlight:My research interests are: Continual and Lifelong Learning, privacy & security for ML, and fairness in machine learning-based systems. I also like to explore human-centered AI and the social impact of machine learning-based methods concerning privacy, security, and fairness. Previously, I worked on the applications of machine learning in various fields for domain adaptation & generalization, such as: intrusion detection and Anomaly detection in time-series data from vehicles and satellites; deepfake and synthetic media detection for privacy & security applications.
  • Tina is a research scientist at CSIRO’s Data61. Prior to that, she was a research fellow at Monash University, jointly with CSIRO’s Data61. Her research focuses on human-centric cyber security, currently with a specific focus on phishing. Her research is to study how humans interact with security tools and apply AI to optimise security to reduce the involvement of security experts. She is also interested in cognitive modelling for human security behaviours and user education design.
  • Address: CLAYTON, VIC 3168, AUSTRALIA
  • Publications: Google Scholar | ORCID| ResearchGate
  • Tags: Humans | Usable security and privacy | AI
  • Dr Tooba Aamir is a Research Scientist at CSIRO’s Data61, specialising in cybersecurity governance, regulation, and policy. Her research focuses on cyber resilience and protection, particularly for critical infrastructure. She also works on human-centric cybersecurity, including digital transformation, crowd-sensing, and the use of meta-data analysis and natural language processing (NLP) to support cyber trust and security. Her work has been published in leading research venues across metadata analysis, social and cyber trust, and digital transformation.
  • Address: CLAYTON, VIC 3168, AUSTRALIA
  • Publications: Google Scholar | Orcid | dblp | ResearchGate
  • Tags: Human-centric cyber security | Social trust | Social-sensor | Social-sensor services
  • Highlight: Security needs to be built in from the start, but lasting digital trust comes from understanding people. I’m driven by the idea that trust isn’t just a technical outcome—it’s shaped by how people interact with systems and the culture around them. Designing with both rigour and empathy keeps people at the heart of cybersecurity, where they belong, and helps build a culture where security is understood, supported, and shared.
  • Dr. Huang is a reserach scientist at CSIRO’s Data61. She earned her PhD degree from the University of British Columbia. Her research interests encompass various areas of usable security and privacy, including mobile and IoT security, security and privacy in online social networks, and web security. Her work resides at the intersection of data security, information privacy, and human-computer interaction.
  • Address: CLAYTON, VIC 3168, AUSTRALIA
  • Publications: Google Scholar
  • Tags: Usable security and privacy | Information privacy | IoT security and privacy | Mobile security and privacy

Staff Team Quantum Systems

    • Akib is a postdoctoral fellow at CSIRO’s Data61. He has a PhD in Quantum Chemistry from RMIT University and BSc with Honours in Physics from University of Sydney. He has research interests in Quantum Information Theory, Quantum Algorithms, and Quantum Chemistry.
    • Address: CLAYTON, VIC 3168, AUSTRALIA
    • Publications:  Google Scholar | Orcid
    • Tags: Quantum Information Theory | Quantum Algorithms, Quantum Error Correction | Quantum Computing | Quantum Chemistry
  • Amena joined as a CERC fellow at CSIRO’s Data61 in 2022. She received her PhD from Signal Processing, Artificial Intelligence and Vision Technologies (SAIVT) research group within the School of Electrical Engineering and Robotics (EER) at Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Australia in 2021. Previously, she was working at QUT as a Research Fellow at the School of EER. Dr Amena actively researches in the fields of computer vision and machine learning. Her work has found applications in various domains including person re-identification, object detection and classification, face verification and identification, image segmentation, domain adaptation, security and surveillance etc. She received Australian Government Research Training Program scholarship (RTP), QUT Higher Degree Research Tuition Fee Sponsorship and QUT Excellence Top-Up in 2017. Dr Amena received QUT’s HDR High Achiever Award in August 2021 for excellent performance in her research. She has several high-quality journal and conference publications in highly ranked venues such as Pattern Recognition and IEEE Transactions.
  • Address: Dutton Park, QLD 4102, Australia
  • Publications: ORCID | Google Scholar
  • Tags: Computer Vision | Machine Learning | Deep Learning | Generative Adversarial Network | Quantum Machine Learning | Quantum Software | Quantum Algorithms
  • Highlight:  I am a machine learning researcher with over 7 years of experience. My research interests include deep learning, machine learning, and quantum machine learning that finding applications in various domains.
  • Bahar holds a PhD in Theoretical Physics from Lund University, where she specialized in electron transport in nano structures. Her work was centred around open quantum systems that are out of equilibrium. These systems included quantum coherent electronic conductors that were influenced by temperature and/or voltage changes, along with other platforms that hold potential for emerging quantum technologies. She utilized principles from quantum mechanics, thermodynamics, and electrodynamics to understand devices where quantum phenomena play a significant role. As an expert in quantum mechanics, she deeply understands this complex field and has contributed to developing innovative software tools to solve quantum mechanics problems. Currently, Bahar is a postdoctoral researcher in the field of quantum computing, where they are working to advance our understanding of this cutting-edge technology and its potential applications.
  • Address: AUSTRALIA
  • Publications: Bahareh Goldozian – ‪Google Scholar
  • Tags: Quantum Information | Quantum Computation | Quantum Technology | Open Quantum Systems | Quantum Control | Quantum Foundation
  • Highlight:  ‘Driven by a deep passion for tackling complex research questions and making a meaningful impact through my work, I am dedicated to conducting research that not only pushes the boundaries of knowledge but also has the potential to benefit society and improve people’s lives.
  • I am a researcher in quantum computing, algorithms and applications at CSIRO’s Data61 with a diverse background of skills and interests. I completed my PhD in astrophysics & cosmology in 2019 where I identified new ways of probing the nature of dark energy through observations made by next-generation telescopes, then spent 3-4 years in industry as a data scientist and consultant, where I was involved in building machine learning models to solve industry-relevant problems. I am now applying my skills and knowledge in physics, research and machine learning to problems in quantum computing, with the goal of advancing our capabilities in the field and increasing our potential to deliver positive impacts to society through the use of quantum computers.
  • Address: AUSTRALIA
  • Publications: Orcid | Research Gate
  • Tags: Quantum Physics | Quantum Computing | Astrophysics | Cosmology | Data Science | Machine Learning
  • Jiafan Wang is a postdoctoral research fellow at Data61. He received his Ph.D. degree from the Department of Information Engineering, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, in 2022. He has published several papers in the area of applied cryptography and served as a reviewer for reputable conferences and journals. His current research interest includes encrypted data management and post-quantum cryptography.
  • Address: MARSFIELD, NSW 2122, AUSTRALIA
  • Publications:Google Scholar | DBLP
  • Tags: Applied Cryptography | Encrypted Data Management | Post-quantum Cryptography
  • Josef is a member of the editorial boards for International Journal of Information Security (Springer), Journal of Mathematical Cryptology (De Gruyter), Open Access Journal of Cryptography (MDPI), International Journal of Applied Cryptography (Inderscience Publishers), Fundamenta Informaticae (IOS Press), International Journal of Security and Networks (Inderscience Publishers) and International Journal of Information and Computer Security (Inderscience Publishers). He published five books, edited 10 books (conference proceedings), six book chapters, and more than 300 papers in refereed journals and refereed international conferences. Josef supervised seven postdocs, 35 PhD students, 28 MSc Hons and 11 Hons students. His recent research grants include: ARC Discovery, Privacy preserving Data Processing on the Cloud, DP180102199, Chief Investigator, AU$413K, 2018-2020; NCN Opus, ComCrypt – Efficient and Secure Algorithms for Joint Compression and Encryption, Chief Investigator, PLN730K, 2019-2022.
  • Address: MARSFIELD, NSW 2122, AUSTRALIA
  • Publications: ORCID |Google Scholar
  • Tags: Cryptology and Information Security | Secure Multiparty Computations | Cryptographic Protocols | Copyright Protection | E-commerce | Web Security | Cybercrime Prevention
  • Sam is a postdoctoral fellow at CSIRO’s Data61, based in the Clayton campus. As part of CSIRO’s Quantum Systems team, Sam is helping to develop Australia’s first quantum programming language, which will allow users to program quantum computers and implement algorthms beyond what is classically possible. Sam also maintains an interest in quantum machine learning and hybrid quantum-classical algorithms for applications in near-term quantum computers. Sam received a Bachelor’s of applied physics with honours from RMIT University in 2015, followed by a PhD in physics at RMIT University in 2019. At RMIT, Sam studied superconducting circuits, in particular looking at how to model the transport and linear response of Josephson junction arrays. After completing his studies, Sam worked as a postdoc under Professor Michael Hartmann at Friedrich-Alexander University in Erlangen, Germany, where he studied quantum neurons and quantum machine learning as part of the Horizon 2020 project “Quromorphic”. In 2023 Sam returned to his home city of Melbourne to join CSIRO’s Quantum Systems team.
  • Address: Clayton, VIC, AUSTRALIA
  • Publications: Google Scholar
  • Tags: Quantum machine learning | NISQ computing |  hybrid quantum/classical algorithms
    • Zeheng is CERC Fellow appointed through the Impossible Without You campaign. He received his PhD degree in Si quantum computing devices from UNSW. He also has experience in III-V semiconductor devices, semiconductor physics and modelling, and TCAD simulations. In these areas, he has published more than 30 scientific papers in prestigious journals, such as Nature and IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices, and flagship conferences, such as IEEE ISPSD and IEEE ICSICT. He was associate editor of Frontiers in Electronics and is an active reviewer for many leading journals published by, e. g., Elsevier, IOP, and Wiley. His open-source online service for semiconductor fabrication has been visited by more than 300 researchers all over the world. He holds two patents in the regime of semiconductor devices. Currently, his research interests include applied physics, quantum artificial intelligence, and micro/nano manufacturing/fabrication.
    • Address: AUSTRALIA
    • Publications: Google Scholar
    • Tags: Quantum Sensing | Quantum Machine Learning | Semiconductor Devices | Micro/nano Fabrication | TCAD Simulation
    • Highlight: To really impact the world by digesting science from traditions, I’m also interested in traditional herbal medicine and have more than 8 years of practice experience in China, and as a personal off-work interest, I’m now trying to use machine learning to explore herbal medicine’s potential in curing COVID-19 and long COVID syndromes.